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Epictetus is best known for his practical approach to Stoicism, specifically the concept of the 'dichotomy of control,' which urges individuals to invest their energy only in things within their direct volition. Unlike other philosophers of his time who engaged in deep theoretical physics, Epictetus was a pragmatist concerned with how to live a good life despite external hardships. His teachings emphasize that human suffering arises not from events themselves, but from our judgments about those events.
Slave · Philosopher
Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher whose journey from slavery to intellectual leadership serves as a testament to his teachings on inner freedom. Born in Hierapolis, Phrygia, he spent his youth as a slave in Rome to Epaphroditus, yet studied Stoic philosophy under Musonius Rufus. After gaining his freedom, he taught in Rome until Emperor Domitian banished all philosophers, prompting him to move to Nicopolis in Greece. There, he founded a school that attracted students from across the empire, including the future historian Arrian, who recorded his lectures. Epictetus focused intensely on ethics rather than physics or logic, arguing that philosophy is a way of life, not merely a theoretical discipline. His core doctrine rests on the 'dichotomy of control'—distinguishing between what is in our power and what is not. By mastering this distinction, he taught that one achieves tranquility and true resilience against fortune.
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"If you wish to be a writer, write."
"Control your passions lest they take vengeance on thee."
Quick answers about Epictetus.
His insights into the nature of control and human perception form the philosophical foundation of modern Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). By teaching that we define our own reality through interpretation, his work offers a timeless antidote to anxiety and helplessness.
To apply his thinking, start every morning by categorizing your concerns into things you can control and things you cannot, then deliberately let go of the latter. When facing adversity, pause to examine your immediate judgment of the event rather than reacting to the event itself.
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"Epictetus remains the ultimate guide for finding freedom in confinement and peace amidst chaos."